Add or remove VAT with up-to-date rates for the UK, EU and other countries
Advanced options: discount and rounding
Both methods are used by invoicing systems; which one is allowed depends on your tax authority, so follow your own accounting software and authority guidance.
Rates for United Kingdom, checked 18 October 2026.
Source: https://www.gov.uk/vat-rates
Reduced and zero rates depend on exactly what is sold and where; if your product is not clearly listed, ask the tax authority or an adviser. Gross price ÷ (100 + rate) × rate gives the VAT inside a gross price. This is a calculation aid, not tax advice. Special schemes such as the UK flat rate scheme are not modelled.
Sources & references
This calculator's method was checked against the sources below on .
- VAT rates · GOV.UK
- Current VAT rates (Ireland) · Irish Revenue
- Tipos impositivos de IVA (Spain) · Agencia Tributaria
- Swiss VAT rates · ESTV
- GST/HST rates by province · Canada Revenue Agency
How it works
Adds VAT to a net price or removes it from a gross price, with the standard and reduced rates of the UK, the EU countries and several other countries preloaded and dated. Each item on an invoice can use its own rate, and the tool totals net, VAT and gross and groups VAT by rate.
VAT = net x rate / 100; gross = net + VAT net = gross / (1 + rate/100); VAT = gross x rate / (100 + rate)
netprice before VATgrossprice including VATrateVAT rate in percent
- net = 120 / 1.20 = 100
- VAT = 120 - 100 = 20
- Zero-rated and exempt supplies both show 0% VAT here, but they differ for reclaiming input VAT.
- Rates and the goods they cover change; the page shows the date checked and the official source.
- Special schemes (flat rate, margin, reverse charge) are not modelled.
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Frequently Asked Questions
The UK has a standard rate of 20%, a reduced rate of 5% (for example children's car seats and home energy) and a zero rate of 0% (for example most food and children's clothes), according to GOV.UK.
VAT = net price x rate / 100, and gross = net + VAT. For 100 at 20%: VAT is 20 and the gross price is 120.
Net = gross / (1 + rate/100), and VAT = gross - net. For 120 at 20%: net = 100 and VAT = 20. Equivalently, VAT is gross x rate / (100 + rate), which is one sixth of the gross price at 20%.
Zero-rated supplies are taxable at 0%: you charge no VAT but can still reclaim the VAT you paid on your costs. Exempt supplies are outside VAT: you charge none and generally cannot reclaim VAT on related costs. The calculator treats both as 0%, so the amounts look the same.
No. EU law sets the framework (a standard rate of at least 15%, and limited reduced rates), but each country chooses its own rates. Standard rates run from 17% in Luxembourg to 27% in Hungary, with reduced rates such as 7% in Germany or 9% in the Netherlands. Pick your country at the top; the page shows the date checked and the source.
Germany cut VAT on restaurant food (not drinks) to 7% on 1 January 2026. The Netherlands raised VAT on hotel and holiday accommodation from 9% to 21% on 1 January 2026. Ireland moved restaurant, catering and hairdressing to 9% from 1 July 2026, with alcohol and soft drinks staying at 23%.
Yes. Add an item for each line and set its own rate. The tool totals net, VAT and gross, and shows a by-rate summary like the one a VAT return needs.
No. It calculates standard VAT on each line. Special schemes (flat rate, margin schemes, reverse charge, partial exemption) follow different rules, so check with your tax authority or an accountant.